DEXAMETHASONE

Details

Stereochemistry	ABSOLUTE
Molecular Formula	C22H29FO5
Molecular Weight	392.4611
Optical Activity	UNSPECIFIED
Defined Stereocenters	8 / 8
E/Z Centers	0
Charge	0

SHOW SMILES / InChI

Structure Search

SMILES

[H][C@@]12C[C@@H](C)[C@](O)(C(=O)CO)[C@@]1(C)C[C@H](O)[C@@]3(F)[C@@]2([H])CCC4=CC(=O)C=C[C@]34C

InChI

InChIKey=UREBDLICKHMUKA-CXSFZGCWSA-N

InChI=1S/C22H29FO5/c1-12-8-16-15-5-4-13-9-14(25)6-7-19(13,2)21(15,23)17(26)10-20(16,3)22(12,28)18(27)11-24/h6-7,9,12,15-17,24,26,28H,4-5,8,10-11H2,1-3H3/t12-,15+,16+,17+,19+,20+,21+,22+/m1/s1

HIDE SMILES / InChI

Description
Sources: http://www.accessdata.fda.gov/drugsatfda_docs/label/2003/13422slr035_maxidex_lbl.pdfhttp://www.ema.europa.eu/docs/en_GB/document_library/EPAR_-_Product_Information/human/004071/WC500204050.pdf
Curator's Comment: description was created based on several sources, including https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/mesh/67018038

Dexamethasone acetate (NEOFORDEX®) is the acetate salt form of dexamethasone, which is a synthetic glucocorticoid; it combines high anti-inflammatory effects with low mineralocorticoid activity. At high doses (e.g. 40 mg), it reduces the immune response. Dexamethasone acetate (NEOFORDEX®) is indicated in adults for the treatment of symptomatic multiple myeloma in combination with other medicinal products. Dexamethasone has been shown to induce multiple myeloma cell death (apoptosis) via a down-regulation of nuclear factor-κB activity and an activation of caspase-9 through second mitochondria-derived activator of caspase (Smac; an apoptosis promoting factor) release. Prolonged exposure was required to achieve maximum levels of apoptotic markers along with increased caspase-3 activation and DNA fragmentation. Dexamethasone also down-regulated anti apoptotic genes and increased IκB-alpha protein levels. Dexamethasone apoptotic activity is enhanced by the combination with thalidomide or its analogues and with proteasome inhibitor (e.g. bortezomib).

CNS Activity

Originator

Approval Year

Targets

Primary Target	Pharmacology	Potency
Glucocorticoid receptor 172 Target ID: CHEMBL2034 Sources: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10551779 \| https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16971495 \| https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2226278	Agonist 2678	4.6 nM [Kd]
Glucocorticoid receptor 172 Target ID: CHEMBL2034 Sources: http://www.ema.europa.eu/docs/en_GB/document_library/EPAR_-_Product_Information/human/004071/WC500204050.pdf	Agonist 2678	3.7 nM [Kd]
Mineralocorticoid receptor 53 Target ID: CHEMBL1994 Sources: http://www.ema.europa.eu/docs/en_GB/document_library/EPAR_-_Product_Information/human/004071/WC500204050.pdf	Agonist 2678	0.73 nM [Kd]

Conditions

Condition	Modality	Highest Phase	Product
Allergic conjunctivitis 100 Sources: http://www.accessdata.fda.gov/drugsatfda_docs/label/2003/13422slr035_maxidex_lbl.pdf	Primary	Approved 8429	MAXIDEX Approved Use For steroid-responsive inflammatory ocular conditions for which a corticosteroid is indicated and where bacterial infection or a risk of bacterial ocular infection exists. Ocular steroids are indicated in inflammatory conditions of the palpebral and bulbar conjunctiva, cornea, and anterior segment of the globe where the inherent risk of steroid use in certain infective conjunctivitis is accepted to obtain a diminution in edema and inflammation. They are also indicated in chronic anterior uveitis and corneal injury from chemical, radiation or thermal burns, or penetration of foreign bodies. The use of a combination drug with an anti-infective component is indicated where the risk of infection is high or where there is an expectation that potentially dangerous numbers of bacteria will be present in the eye. The particular anti-infective drug in this product is active against the following common bacterial eye pathogens: Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, Haemophilus influenzae, Klebsiella/Enterobacter species, Neisseria species, Pseudomonas aeruginosa. This product does not provide adequate coverage against Serratia marcescens, and Streptococci, including Streptococcus pneumoniae. Launch Date 1962
Acne rosacea 43 Sources: http://www.accessdata.fda.gov/drugsatfda_docs/label/2003/13422slr035_maxidex_lbl.pdf	Primary	Approved 8429	MAXIDEX Approved Use Steroid responsive inflammatory conditions of the palpebral and bulbar conjunctiva, cornea, and anterior segment of the globe such as allergic conjunctivitis, acne rosacea, superficial punctate keratitis, herpes zoster keratitis, iritis, cyclitis, selected infective conjunctivitides when the inherent hazard of steroid use is accepted to obtain an advisable diminution in edema and inflammation; corneal injury from chemical, radiation, or thermal burns, or penetration of foreign bodies. Launch Date 1962
Superficial punctate keratitis 42 Sources: http://www.accessdata.fda.gov/drugsatfda_docs/label/2003/13422slr035_maxidex_lbl.pdf	Primary	Approved 8429	MAXIDEX Approved Use For steroid-responsive inflammatory ocular conditions for which a corticosteroid is indicated and where bacterial infection or a risk of bacterial ocular infection exists. Ocular steroids are indicated in inflammatory conditions of the palpebral and bulbar conjunctiva, cornea, and anterior segment of the globe where the inherent risk of steroid use in certain infective conjunctivitis is accepted to obtain a diminution in edema and inflammation. They are also indicated in chronic anterior uveitis and corneal injury from chemical, radiation or thermal burns, or penetration of foreign bodies. The use of a combination drug with an anti-infective component is indicated where the risk of infection is high or where there is an expectation that potentially dangerous numbers of bacteria will be present in the eye. The particular anti-infective drug in this product is active against the following common bacterial eye pathogens: Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, Haemophilus influenzae, Klebsiella/Enterobacter species, Neisseria species, Pseudomonas aeruginosa. This product does not provide adequate coverage against Serratia marcescens, and Streptococci, including Streptococcus pneumoniae. Launch Date 1962
Herpes zoster keratitis 43 Sources: http://www.accessdata.fda.gov/drugsatfda_docs/label/2003/13422slr035_maxidex_lbl.pdf	Primary	Approved 8429	MAXIDEX Approved Use For steroid-responsive inflammatory ocular conditions for which a corticosteroid is indicated and where bacterial infection or a risk of bacterial ocular infection exists. Ocular steroids are indicated in inflammatory conditions of the palpebral and bulbar conjunctiva, cornea, and anterior segment of the globe where the inherent risk of steroid use in certain infective conjunctivitis is accepted to obtain a diminution in edema and inflammation. They are also indicated in chronic anterior uveitis and corneal injury from chemical, radiation or thermal burns, or penetration of foreign bodies. The use of a combination drug with an anti-infective component is indicated where the risk of infection is high or where there is an expectation that potentially dangerous numbers of bacteria will be present in the eye. The particular anti-infective drug in this product is active against the following common bacterial eye pathogens: Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, Haemophilus influenzae, Klebsiella/Enterobacter species, Neisseria species, Pseudomonas aeruginosa. This product does not provide adequate coverage against Serratia marcescens, and Streptococci, including Streptococcus pneumoniae. Launch Date 1962
Iritis 42 Sources: http://www.accessdata.fda.gov/drugsatfda_docs/label/2003/13422slr035_maxidex_lbl.pdf	Primary	Approved 8429	MAXIDEX Approved Use For steroid-responsive inflammatory ocular conditions for which a corticosteroid is indicated and where bacterial infection or a risk of bacterial ocular infection exists. Ocular steroids are indicated in inflammatory conditions of the palpebral and bulbar conjunctiva, cornea, and anterior segment of the globe where the inherent risk of steroid use in certain infective conjunctivitis is accepted to obtain a diminution in edema and inflammation. They are also indicated in chronic anterior uveitis and corneal injury from chemical, radiation or thermal burns, or penetration of foreign bodies. The use of a combination drug with an anti-infective component is indicated where the risk of infection is high or where there is an expectation that potentially dangerous numbers of bacteria will be present in the eye. The particular anti-infective drug in this product is active against the following common bacterial eye pathogens: Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, Haemophilus influenzae, Klebsiella/Enterobacter species, Neisseria species, Pseudomonas aeruginosa. This product does not provide adequate coverage against Serratia marcescens, and Streptococci, including Streptococcus pneumoniae. Launch Date 1962
Cyclitis 21 Sources: http://www.accessdata.fda.gov/drugsatfda_docs/label/2003/13422slr035_maxidex_lbl.pdf	Primary	Approved 8429	MAXIDEX Approved Use For steroid-responsive inflammatory ocular conditions for which a corticosteroid is indicated and where bacterial infection or a risk of bacterial ocular infection exists. Ocular steroids are indicated in inflammatory conditions of the palpebral and bulbar conjunctiva, cornea, and anterior segment of the globe where the inherent risk of steroid use in certain infective conjunctivitis is accepted to obtain a diminution in edema and inflammation. They are also indicated in chronic anterior uveitis and corneal injury from chemical, radiation or thermal burns, or penetration of foreign bodies. The use of a combination drug with an anti-infective component is indicated where the risk of infection is high or where there is an expectation that potentially dangerous numbers of bacteria will be present in the eye. The particular anti-infective drug in this product is active against the following common bacterial eye pathogens: Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, Haemophilus influenzae, Klebsiella/Enterobacter species, Neisseria species, Pseudomonas aeruginosa. This product does not provide adequate coverage against Serratia marcescens, and Streptococci, including Streptococcus pneumoniae. Launch Date 1962
Corneal injury 21 Sources: http://www.accessdata.fda.gov/drugsatfda_docs/label/2003/13422slr035_maxidex_lbl.pdf	Primary	Approved 8429	MAXIDEX Approved Use For steroid-responsive inflammatory ocular conditions for which a corticosteroid is indicated and where bacterial infection or a risk of bacterial ocular infection exists. Ocular steroids are indicated in inflammatory conditions of the palpebral and bulbar conjunctiva, cornea, and anterior segment of the globe where the inherent risk of steroid use in certain infective conjunctivitis is accepted to obtain a diminution in edema and inflammation. They are also indicated in chronic anterior uveitis and corneal injury from chemical, radiation or thermal burns, or penetration of foreign bodies. The use of a combination drug with an anti-infective component is indicated where the risk of infection is high or where there is an expectation that potentially dangerous numbers of bacteria will be present in the eye. The particular anti-infective drug in this product is active against the following common bacterial eye pathogens: Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, Haemophilus influenzae, Klebsiella/Enterobacter species, Neisseria species, Pseudomonas aeruginosa. This product does not provide adequate coverage against Serratia marcescens, and Streptococci, including Streptococcus pneumoniae. Launch Date 1962
Bacterial conjunctivitis 34 Sources: http://www.accessdata.fda.gov/drugsatfda_docs/label/2003/13422slr035_maxidex_lbl.pdf	Primary	Approved 8429	MAXIDEX Approved Use For steroid-responsive inflammatory ocular conditions for which a corticosteroid is indicated and where bacterial infection or a risk of bacterial ocular infection exists. Ocular steroids are indicated in inflammatory conditions of the palpebral and bulbar conjunctiva, cornea, and anterior segment of the globe where the inherent risk of steroid use in certain infective conjunctivitis is accepted to obtain a diminution in edema and inflammation. They are also indicated in chronic anterior uveitis and corneal injury from chemical, radiation or thermal burns, or penetration of foreign bodies. The use of a combination drug with an anti-infective component is indicated where the risk of infection is high or where there is an expectation that potentially dangerous numbers of bacteria will be present in the eye. The particular anti-infective drug in this product is active against the following common bacterial eye pathogens: Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, Haemophilus influenzae, Klebsiella/Enterobacter species, Neisseria species, Pseudomonas aeruginosa. This product does not provide adequate coverage against Serratia marcescens, and Streptococci, including Streptococcus pneumoniae. Launch Date 1962
Multiple myeloma 159 Sources: http://www.ema.europa.eu/docs/en_GB/document_library/EPAR_-_Product_Information/human/004071/WC500204050.pdf	Primary	Approved 8429	Neofordex Approved Use Neofordex is indicated in adults for the treatment of symptomatic multiple myeloma in combination with other medicinal products. Launch Date 2016

C_max

Value	Dose	Co-administered	Analyte	Population
9.87 ng/mL EXPERIMENT https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22047811	2 mg single, oral dose: 2 mg route of administration: Oral experiment type: SINGLE co-administered:		DEXAMETHASONE plasma	Homo sapiens population: HEALTHY age: ADULT sex: FEMALE / MALE food status: FASTED

AUC

Value	Dose	Co-administered	Analyte	Population
51.2 ng × h/mL EXPERIMENT https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22047811	2 mg single, oral dose: 2 mg route of administration: Oral experiment type: SINGLE co-administered:		DEXAMETHASONE plasma	Homo sapiens population: HEALTHY age: ADULT sex: FEMALE / MALE food status: FASTED

T_1/2

Value	Dose	Co-administered	Analyte	Population
3.93 h EXPERIMENT https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22047811	2 mg single, oral dose: 2 mg route of administration: Oral experiment type: SINGLE co-administered:		DEXAMETHASONE plasma	Homo sapiens population: HEALTHY age: ADULT sex: FEMALE / MALE food status: FASTED

F_unbound

Value	Dose	Co-administered	Analyte	Population
30% EXPERIMENT https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/3806166			DEXAMETHASONE plasma	Homo sapiens population: UNKNOWN age: UNKNOWN sex: UNKNOWN food status: UNKNOWN

Doses

Dose	Population	Adverse events
96 mg multiple, oral (total) Dose: 96 mg Route: oral Route: multiple Dose: 96 mg Sources: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31139529	unhealthy, 63 years (range: 30–78 years) n = 21 Health Status: unhealthy Age Group: 63 years (range: 30–78 years) Sex: M+F Population Size: 21 Sources: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31139529	Sources: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31139529
0.1 % 3 times / day multiple, ophthalmic Dose: 0.1 %, 3 times / day Route: ophthalmic Route: multiple Dose: 0.1 %, 3 times / day Sources: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/25135542	unhealthy, 68.3 years (range: 51.0 - 83.0 years) n = 77 Health Status: unhealthy Age Group: 68.3 years (range: 51.0 - 83.0 years) Sex: M+F Population Size: 77 Sources: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/25135542	Other AEs: Corneal erosion... Other AEs: Corneal erosion (10%) Sources: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/25135542
0.6 mg/kg single, oral Dose: 0.6 mg/kg Route: oral Route: single Dose: 0.6 mg/kg Sources: https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT02794441	unhealthy, children n = 6 Health Status: unhealthy Condition: Migraine Age Group: children Population Size: 6 Sources: https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT02794441	Other AEs: Constipation... Other AEs: Constipation (below serious, 1 patient) Sources: https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT02794441
10 mg single, intravenous Dose: 10 mg Route: intravenous Route: single Dose: 10 mg Sources: https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT00122278	unhealthy n = 106 Health Status: unhealthy Condition: Migraine Population Size: 106 Sources: https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT00122278	Other AEs: Drowsiness, Dizziness... Other AEs: Drowsiness (below serious, 19 patients) Dizziness (below serious, 3 patients) Adverse drug reaction NOS (below serious, 10 patients) Sources: https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT00122278
12 mg 1 times / day multiple, intravenous Dose: 12 mg, 1 times / day Route: intravenous Route: multiple Dose: 12 mg, 1 times / day Sources: https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT02271698	unhealthy n = 10 Health Status: unhealthy Condition: Knee Arthroplasty Population Size: 10 Sources: https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT02271698	Other AEs: Wound dehiscence... Other AEs: Wound dehiscence (below serious, 1 patient) Sources: https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT02271698
20 mg single, intravenous Dose: 20 mg Route: intravenous Route: single Dose: 20 mg Sources: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33743063	unhealthy Health Status: unhealthy Sources: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33743063	Sources: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33743063
24 mg 1 times / day multiple, intravenous Dose: 24 mg, 1 times / day Route: intravenous Route: multiple Dose: 24 mg, 1 times / day Sources: https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT02271698	unhealthy n = 10 Health Status: unhealthy Condition: Knee Arthroplasty Population Size: 10 Sources: https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT02271698	Other AEs: Dizziness... Other AEs: Dizziness (below serious, 1 patient) Sources: https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT02271698
8 mg 1 times / day multiple, oral Dose: 8 mg, 1 times / day Route: oral Route: multiple Dose: 8 mg, 1 times / day Sources: https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT01248585	unhealthy n = 147 Health Status: unhealthy Condition: Radiation-Induced Pain Flare Population Size: 147 Sources: https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT01248585	Other AEs: Constipation, Dyspepsia... Other AEs: Constipation (below serious, 47 patients) Dyspepsia (below serious, 12 patients) Vomiting (below serious, 9 patients) Fatigue (below serious, 58 patients) Cholesterol high (below serious, 8 patients) Anorexia (below serious, 15 patients) Anxiety (below serious, 11 patient) Insomnia (below serious, 26 patients) Cough (below serious, 9 patients) Dyspnea (below serious, 20 patients) Sources: https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT01248585
8 mg single, intravenous Dose: 8 mg Route: intravenous Route: single Dose: 8 mg Sources: https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT01734161	pregnant n = 55 Health Status: pregnant Sex: F Population Size: 55 Sources: https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT01734161	Other AEs: Incision site bleeding, Body temperature decrease... Other AEs: Incision site bleeding (below serious, 1 patient) Body temperature decrease (below serious, 2 patients) Shivering (below serious, 1 patient) Tachycardia (below serious, 1 patient) Transfusion (below serious, 1 patient) Sources: https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT01734161

AEs

Overview

CYP3A4	CYP2C9	CYP2D6	hERG
inducer 781 substrate 1737

OverviewOther

Other Inhibitor	Other Substrate	Other Inducer
OAT1 599		UGT1A1 69 UGT1A5 21 UGT1A6 34 UGT2B1 21 BCRP 75 P-gp 257 OAT1 26 MRP4 32 MRP1 48 MRP2 111 MRP3 53 MRP5 22 ABCC12 22

Drug as perpetrator

Target	Modality	Activity	Clinical evidence
ABCC12 22	inducer 1573 Sources: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0143400412002895 Page: -	no
MRP1 172	inducer 1573 Sources: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0143400412002895 Page: -	no
MRP2 475	inducer 1573 Sources: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0143400412002895 Page: -	no
MRP3 207	inducer 1573 Sources: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0143400412002895 Page: -	no
MRP5 48	inducer 1573 Sources: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0143400412002895 Page: -	no
OAT1 603	inducer 1573 Sources: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1931524413002557 Page: -	no
OAT1 603	inhibitor 3277 Sources: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1931524413002557 Page: -	no
UGT1A6 141	inducer 1573 Sources: https://link.springer.com/article/10.1023%2FA%3A1018812021549 Page: -	no
BCRP 773	inducer 1573 Sources: https://journals.physiology.org/doi/full/10.1152/ajpcell.00491.2007 Page: -	yes
MRP4 238	inducer 1573 Sources: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1931524413002557 Page: -	yes
P-gp 1650	inducer 1573 Sources: https://journals.physiology.org/doi/full/10.1152/ajpcell.00491.2007 Page: -	yes
UGT1A1 254	inducer 1573 Sources: https://link.springer.com/article/10.1023/B:MOLE.0000043582.35335.ff Page: -	yes
UGT1A5 21	inducer 1573 Sources: https://link.springer.com/article/10.1023%2FA%3A1018812021549 Page: -	yes
UGT2B1 22	inducer 1573 Sources: https://link.springer.com/article/10.1023%2FA%3A1018812021549 Page: -	yes
CYP3A4 1925	inducer 1573 Sources: https://ascpt.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full/10.1067/mcp.2000.110215 Page: -	yes	yes (co-administration study) Comment: These data demonstrate that dexamethasone at doses used clinically increased CYP3A4 activity with extensive intersubject variability and that the extent of CYP3A4 induction was, in part, predicted by the baseline activity of CYP3A4 in both healthy volunteers and human hepatocyte cultures. Sources: https://ascpt.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full/10.1067/mcp.2000.110215 Page: -

Drug as victim

Target	Modality	Activity	Metabolite	Clinical evidence
CYP3A4 1737	substrate 3367 Sources: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/17124593/ Page: -	yes

Sourcing

Vendor/Aggregator	ID	URL
ChEBI	CHEBI:41879	https://www.ebi.ac.uk/chebi/searchId.do?chebiId=CHEBI:41879
ChemicalBook	CB4261243	https://www.chemicalbook.com/ChemicalProductProperty_EN_CB4261243
MolPort	MolPort-003-846-433	https://www.molport.com/shop/molecule-link/MolPort-003-846-433
Selleck Chemicals	Dexamethasone	http://www.selleckchem.com/products/Dexamethasone.html
ZINC	ZINC000003875332	http://zinc15.docking.org/substances/ZINC000003875332
eMolecules	29541178	https://www.emolecules.com/cgi-bin/more?vid=29541178
eMolecules	30067429	https://www.emolecules.com/cgi-bin/more?vid=30067429
eMolecules	31411022	https://www.emolecules.com/cgi-bin/more?vid=31411022
eMolecules	497104	https://www.emolecules.com/cgi-bin/more?vid=497104

PubMed

Title	Date	PubMed
Effects of dexamethasone on tumor-induced brain edema and its distribution in the brain of monkeys.	1979 Mar	106094
Regulation of RANTES and ICAM-1 expression in murine mesangial cells.	1997 Apr	10495789
Functional assay of NF-kappaB translocation into nuclei by laser scanning cytometry: inhibitory effect by dexamethasone or theophylline.	1999 Apr	10344522
Dexamethasone inhibits dendritic cell maturation by redirecting differentiation of a subset of cells.	1999 Dec	10614771
Selective cyclo-oxygenase-2 inhibitors aggravate ischaemia-reperfusion injury in the rat stomach.	1999 Dec	10588920
Specific hydroxylations determine selective corticosteroid recognition by human glucocorticoid and mineralocorticoid receptors.	1999 Dec 24	10611474
Inhibition of transforming growth factor beta1-induced hepatoma cell apoptosis by liver tumor promoters: characterization of primary signaling events and effects on CPP32-like caspase activity.	1999 Feb	10200566
Inhibition of gelatinase activity in human airway epithelial cells and fibroblasts by dexamethasone and beclomethasone.	1999 Jul	10455257
Structure, evolution, and liver-specific expression of sterol 12alpha-hydroxylase P450 (CYP8B).	1999 Jul	10393316
Neuroendocrine mediators up-regulate alpha1b- and alpha1d-adrenergic receptor subtypes in human monocytes.	1999 Mar 1	10229127
Effect of dexamethasone on cyclophosphamide-induced cystitis in rats: lack of relation with bradykinin B1 receptor-mediated motor responses.	1999 Mar 12	10204687
Dexamethasone therapy increases infection in very low birth weight infants.	1999 Nov	10545589
Antenatal dexamethasone suppresses tumor necrosis factor-alpha expression in hypoplastic lung in nitrofen-induced diaphragmatic hernia in rats.	1999 Nov	10541330
Blockade of cocaine-induced increases in adrenocorticotrophic hormone and cortisol does not attenuate the subjective effects of smoked cocaine in humans.	1999 Sep	10780258
Melatonin regulates glucocorticoid receptor: an answer to its antiapoptotic action in thymus.	1999 Sep	10463946
Immune abnormalities in aneurysmal subarachnoid haemorrhage patients: relation to delayed cerebral vasospasm.	2000 Apr	10736113
Leptin production in adipocytes from morbidly obese subjects: stimulation by dexamethasone, inhibition with troglitazone, and influence of gender.	2000 Aug	10946865
Dexamethasone enhances ras-recision gene expression in cultured murine fetal lungs: role in development.	2000 Aug	10926554
Dexamethasone-suppressible hypertension.	2000 Aug 26	11085685
Low doses of oral dexamethasone for hormone-refractory prostate carcinoma.	2000 Dec 15	11135218
Prenatal exposure to high levels of glucocorticoids increases the susceptibility of cerebellar granule cells to oxidative stress-induced cell death.	2000 Dec 19	11114198
Effect of polyunsaturated fatty acids on dexamethasone-induced gastric mucosal damage.	2000 Feb	10780873
Antenatal dexamethasone enhances endothelin receptorB expression in hypoplastic lung in nitrofen-induced diaphragmatic hernia in rats.	2000 Feb	10693666
Dexamethasone blocks sepsis-induced protection of the heart from ischemia reperfusion injury.	2000 Jan	10632965
Dexamethasone induced cardiac hypertrophy in newborn rats is accompanied by changes in myosin heavy chain phenotype and gene transcription.	2000 Jun	10942214
Expression and induction of CYP1A1/1A2, CYP2A6 and CYP3A4 in primary cultures of human hepatocytes: a 10-year follow-up.	2000 Jun	10923861
Combined administration of G-CSF and dexamethasone for the mobilization of granulocytes in normal donors: optimization of dosing.	2000 Jun	10864982
beta(3)-adrenoceptor regulation and relaxation responses in mouse ileum.	2000 Mar	10725275
Corticosteroids and cognitive function in humans: methodological considerations.	2000 May-Jun	10864049
Endotoxin augments cerebral hyperemic response to halothane by inducing nitric oxide synthase and cyclooxygenase.	2000 Oct	11004044
Modification of biophysical properties of lung epithelial Na(+) channels by dexamethasone.	2000 Sep	10942727
Involvement of tyrosine hydroxylase up regulation in dexamethasone-induced hypertension of rats.	2000 Sep 8	11072875
A multicenter, randomized open study of early corticosteroid treatment (OSECT) in preterm infants with respiratory illness: comparison of early and late treatment and of dexamethasone and inhaled budesonide.	2001 Feb	11158452
The clinical impact of metabolic bone disease in coeliac disease.	2001 Jan	11123392
Adverse effects of early dexamethasone treatment in extremely-low-birth-weight infants. National Institute of Child Health and Human Development Neonatal Research Network.	2001 Jan 11	11150359
Triptolide enhances the sensitivity of multiple myeloma cells to dexamethasone via microRNAs.	2012 Jun	22260163
CEP-18770 (delanzomib) in combination with dexamethasone and lenalidomide inhibits the growth of multiple myeloma.	2012 Nov	22906694

Patents

Sample Use Guides

In Vivo Use Guide

One or two drops topically in the conjunctival sac(s). In severe disease, drops may be used hourly. In mild disease, drops may be used up to four to six times daily.

Route of Administration: Other

In Vitro Use Guide

Caco-2 cells were treated with 1 μM dexamethasone and SGK1 mRNA levels were determined by Northern blot analysis. Figure 1A shows that dexamethasone rapidly induced SGK1 mRNA expression as early as 30 min and maintained the elevated expression for at least 24 h.

Name

Type

Language

DEXAMETHASONE

Official Name

English

ISV-305

Code

English

DEXASONE

Brand Name

English

DEXAMETHASONE [MART.]

Common Name

English

DEXAMETHASONE [EP MONOGRAPH]

Common Name

English

DEXAMETHASONE COMPONENT OF TOBRADEX ST

Brand Name

English

DEXAMETHASONE [ORANGE BOOK]

Common Name

English

DEXAMETHASONE COMPONENT OF CIPRODEX

Brand Name

English

DEXAMETHASONE [USP-RS]

Common Name

English

LOVERINE

Brand Name

English

GAMMACORTEN

Common Name

English

DEXAMETASONE

Common Name

English

Dexamethasone [WHO-DD]

Common Name

English

MAXIDEX

Brand Name

English

SUPERPREDNOL

Common Name

English

DEXAMETHASONE ACETATE IMPURITY A [EP IMPURITY]

Common Name

English

FORTECORTIN

Brand Name

English

DEXASPORIN COMPONENT DEXAMETHASONE

Brand Name

English

BETAMETHASONE IMPURITY A [EP IMPURITY]

Common Name

English

DEXAMETHASONE [JAN]

Common Name

English

(11.BETA.,16.ALPHA.)-9-FLUORO-11,17,21-TRIHYDROXY-16-METHYLPREGNA-1,4-DIENE-3,20-DIONE

Systematic Name

English

DEXA-SINE

Brand Name

English

DEXONE

Brand Name

English

MAXITROL COMPONENT DEXAMETHASONE

Brand Name

English

DEXAMETHASONUM [WHO-IP LATIN]

Common Name

English

DEXAMETHASONE COMPONENT OF DEXASPORIN

Brand Name

English

NSC-34521

Code

English

DEXAMETHASONE [EMA EPAR]

Common Name

English

FLUORMETHYLPREDNISOLONE

Common Name

English

AEROSEB-DEX

Brand Name

English

dexamethasone [INN]

Common Name

English

DEXAMETHASONE COMPONENT OF DEXACIDIN

Brand Name

English

DEXASITE

Brand Name

English

DEXAMONOZON

Brand Name

English

DEXAMETHASONE COMPONENT OF TOBRADEX

Brand Name

English

DEXAMETHASONE [VANDF]

Common Name

English

DEXAPOS

Brand Name

English

LUXAZONE

Brand Name

English

DECADRON

Brand Name

English

DEXYCU

Brand Name

English

TOBRADEX ST COMPONENT DEXAMETHASONE

Brand Name

English

PREGNA-1,4-DIENE-3,20-DIONE, 9-FLUORO-11,17,21-TRIHYDROXY-16-METHYL-,(11.BETA.,16.ALPHA.)-9-FLUORO-11.BETA.,17,21-TRIHYDROXY-16.ALPHA.-METHYLPREGNA-1,4-DIENE-3,20-DIONE

Common Name

English

DEXACIDIN COMPONENT DEXAMETHASONE

Brand Name

English

DEXAMETHASONE [WHO-IP]

Common Name

English

TOBRADEX COMPONENT DEXAMETHASONE

Brand Name

English

HEMADY

Brand Name

English

HEXADROL

Brand Name

English

DECADERM

Brand Name

English

DEXAMETHASONE [USP MONOGRAPH]

Common Name

English

OZURDEX

Brand Name

English

ISOPTO-DEX

Brand Name

English

CIPRODEX COMPONENT DEXAMETHASONE

Brand Name

English

DEXAMETHASONE [HSDB]

Common Name

English

DEXAMETHASONE [MI]

Common Name

English

VISUMETAZONE

Common Name

English

HEXADECADROL

Common Name

English

DEXACORTAL

Brand Name

English

9-Fluoro-11β,17,21-trihydroxy-16α-methylpregna-1,4-diene-3,20-dione

Systematic Name

English

DECASPRAY

Brand Name

English

MILLICORTEN

Common Name

English

DEXACORTIN

Brand Name

English

DEXAMETHASONE COMPONENT OF MAXITROL

Brand Name

English

DEXTENZA

Brand Name

English

16.ALPHA.-METHYL-9.ALPHA.-FLUOROPREDNISOLONE

Common Name

English

APHTHASOLONE

Common Name

English

OTO-104

Code

English

DEXAMETHASONE [GREEN BOOK]

Common Name

English

Classification Tree Code System Code

WHO-ATC

R01AD03